The Challenge: Unpredictable Discretionary Spend

Discretionary spend – software subscriptions, team events, ad-hoc marketing campaigns, office equipment – is spread across cards, teams, and vendors. For finance teams, this creates a blind spot: hundreds or thousands of small, scattered transactions that are hard to trace back to budgets, cost centres, or owners. What looks like minor noise at transaction level often turns into serious variance at month-end.

Traditional approaches rely on manual Excel exports, delayed card statements, and periodic spend reviews. Controllers try to reconstruct the story behind each line item by emailing managers and chasing missing receipts. Static spend policies and approval matrices sit in PDFs or intranet pages that few people read. These methods simply do not scale when your organisation uses dozens of SaaS tools, runs remote teams, and issues virtual cards in minutes.

The impact is tangible. Budgets are overrun by slow-drip expenses that no single manager sees as problematic. Forecasts underestimate discretionary costs, forcing last-minute cost-cutting decisions that damage employee engagement and long-term initiatives. Finance is pushed into a reactive role, explaining overruns instead of steering spend. Over time, this erodes confidence in the budgeting process and limits your ability to invest strategically.

The good news: this challenge is real but solvable. Modern AI for finance can read invoices, card statements, and expense reports at scale, understand patterns in discretionary spending, and translate them into actionable guardrails. At Reruption, we’ve built and implemented AI solutions that transform unstructured documents into decision-ready insights. In the rest of this page, you’ll find practical guidance on how to use tools like Claude to bring unpredictable discretionary spend under control – without slowing down the business.

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Our Assessment

A strategic assessment of the challenge and high-level tips how to tackle it.

From Reruption’s work building AI solutions in finance-like workflows – including complex document analysis and expense-like pattern detection – we’ve seen that Claude is particularly strong when you need to process large volumes of semi-structured data and translate it into clear, actionable recommendations. Used correctly, Claude for discretionary spend control becomes less about fancy analytics and more about giving finance leaders a practical, always-on analyst that spots patterns humans would miss and proposes calibrated limits and approval rules.

Start with a Clear Policy and Taxonomy, Not Just Raw Transactions

Before you throw transaction exports at Claude, you need a clear definition of what counts as discretionary spend in your organisation. Is training discretionary? Are small SaaS tools under a certain amount truly discretionary, or strategic? Claude performs best when it can anchor its analysis in an explicit taxonomy of spend categories, cost centres, and policy rules.

Strategically, this means finance, HR, and business leaders should align on a simple but precise expense classification framework and key policy constraints. You can then provide this as part of Claude’s context, allowing it to map messy real-world transactions back to agreed definitions. This avoids endless debates later and turns Claude into a consistent, policy-aware assistant rather than another source of confusion.

Treat Claude as an Analyst Augmenting Finance, Not Replacing It

Organisationally, the most successful teams position Claude in finance as a senior analyst that handles the heavy lifting: scanning invoices, receipts, and card data; summarising team-level spend patterns; and highlighting anomalies or risky patterns. Final judgement and communication still sit with controllers and finance business partners.

This mindset reduces resistance and encourages adoption. Controllers can offload manual reconciliation and pattern discovery but maintain control over budget conversations with stakeholders. Strategically, you turn Claude into leverage for your best people, freeing them to focus on forward-looking actions – new approval rules, revised limits, and scenario simulations – instead of manual data cleaning.

Design Guardrails with the Business, Not Against It

Claude can quickly propose adjusted spend limits and approval rules based on historical patterns, but enforcing those changes top-down is a recipe for friction. Instead, use its insights as a starting point for structured discussions with department heads: “Here is what your discretionary spend looks like; here are the outliers; here are Claude’s suggestions. What actually makes sense for your team?”

This collaborative approach is strategic risk mitigation. You reduce the chance of workarounds (e.g., personal cards, delayed reimbursements) and build shared ownership of new guardrails. Over time, you can let Claude continuously re-evaluate whether those rules still match reality, but the legitimacy comes from initial co-design with stakeholders.

Plan for Data Quality, Access, and Compliance from Day One

Using Claude for expense analysis requires reliable access to transaction, invoice, and expense data. Strategically, you should clarify where this data lives (ERP, card provider, expense tool, spreadsheets), which systems are in scope, and how often data will be refreshed. Design a minimal but robust data pipeline before expecting sophisticated insights.

At the same time, finance data is highly sensitive. Work with security and legal early to agree on how documents are extracted, anonymised if needed, and processed in compliance with internal and external regulations. This upfront clarity reduces implementation risk and makes it easier to scale Claude from a finance-side experiment to an enterprise-grade capability.

Measure Success Beyond Simple Cost Cutting

If you only measure Claude’s impact by “savings generated,” you risk short-termism and employee frustration. Strategic KPIs for AI-powered spend control should combine cost, predictability, and productivity: reduction in forecast variance for discretionary categories, reduction in manual review time, and improved policy compliance rates without increased cycle times.

This broader lens helps you make smarter trade-offs. Sometimes maintaining a certain discretionary budget for team development or tooling is economically sound – the win is moving it from unpredictable, reactive spend to transparent, governed investment. Claude’s role is to provide the insight layer to support those decisions, not to indiscriminately cut.

Used thoughtfully, Claude transforms discretionary spend from an unpredictable leak into a transparent, governable category by connecting your policies, your data, and your approval rules. Reruption’s combination of AI engineering depth and a Co-Preneur mindset means we don’t just design dashboards; we embed Claude into your finance workflows so controllers actually use it to steer budgets. If you’re exploring how to bring this kind of capability into your organisation, we’re happy to help you scope and validate a focused use case before you commit to a full rollout.

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Real-World Case Studies

From Streaming Media to Healthcare: Learn how companies successfully use Claude.

Netflix

Streaming Media

With over 17,000 titles and growing, Netflix faced the classic cold start problem and data sparsity in recommendations, where new users or obscure content lacked sufficient interaction data, leading to poor personalization and higher churn rates . Viewers often struggled to discover engaging content among thousands of options, resulting in prolonged browsing times and disengagement—estimated at up to 75% of session time wasted on searching rather than watching . This risked subscriber loss in a competitive streaming market, where retaining users costs far less than acquiring new ones. Scalability was another hurdle: handling 200M+ subscribers generating billions of daily interactions required processing petabytes of data in real-time, while evolving viewer tastes demanded adaptive models beyond traditional collaborative filtering limitations like the popularity bias favoring mainstream hits . Early systems post-Netflix Prize (2006-2009) improved accuracy but struggled with contextual factors like device, time, and mood .

Lösung

Netflix built a hybrid recommendation engine combining collaborative filtering (CF)—starting with FunkSVD and Probabilistic Matrix Factorization from the Netflix Prize—and advanced deep learning models for embeddings and predictions . They consolidated multiple use-case models into a single multi-task neural network, improving performance and maintainability while supporting search, home page, and row recommendations . Key innovations include contextual bandits for exploration-exploitation, A/B testing on thumbnails and metadata, and content-based features from computer vision/audio analysis to mitigate cold starts . Real-time inference on Kubernetes clusters processes 100s of millions of predictions per user session, personalized by viewing history, ratings, pauses, and even search queries . This evolved from 2009 Prize winners to transformer-based architectures by 2023 .

Ergebnisse

  • 80% of viewer hours from recommendations
  • $1B+ annual savings in subscriber retention
  • 75% reduction in content browsing time
  • 10% RMSE improvement from Netflix Prize CF techniques
  • 93% of views from personalized rows
  • Handles billions of daily interactions for 270M subscribers
Read case study →

Nubank (Pix Payments)

Payments

Nubank, Latin America's largest digital bank serving over 114 million customers across Brazil, Mexico, and Colombia, faced the challenge of scaling its Pix instant payment system amid explosive growth. Traditional Pix transactions required users to navigate the app manually, leading to friction, especially for quick, on-the-go payments. This app navigation bottleneck increased processing time and limited accessibility for users preferring conversational interfaces like WhatsApp, where 80% of Brazilians communicate daily. Additionally, enabling secure, accurate interpretation of diverse inputs—voice commands, natural language text, and images (e.g., handwritten notes or receipts)—posed significant hurdles. Nubank needed to overcome accuracy issues in multimodal understanding, ensure compliance with Brazil's Central Bank regulations, and maintain trust in a high-stakes financial environment while handling millions of daily transactions.

Lösung

Nubank deployed a multimodal generative AI solution powered by OpenAI models, allowing customers to initiate Pix payments through voice messages, text instructions, or image uploads directly in the app or WhatsApp. The AI processes speech-to-text, natural language processing for intent extraction, and optical character recognition (OCR) for images, converting them into executable Pix transfers. Integrated seamlessly with Nubank's backend, the system verifies user identity, extracts key details like amount and recipient, and executes transactions in seconds, bypassing traditional app screens. This AI-first approach enhances convenience, speed, and safety, scaling operations without proportional human intervention.

Ergebnisse

  • 60% reduction in transaction processing time
  • Tested with 2 million users by end of 2024
  • Serves 114 million customers across 3 countries
  • Testing initiated August 2024
  • Processes voice, text, and image inputs for Pix
  • Enabled instant payments via WhatsApp integration
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Royal Bank of Canada (RBC)

Financial Services

In the competitive retail banking sector, RBC customers faced significant hurdles in managing personal finances. Many struggled to identify excess cash for savings or investments, adhere to budgets, and anticipate cash flow fluctuations. Traditional banking apps offered limited visibility into spending patterns, leading to suboptimal financial decisions and low engagement with digital tools. This lack of personalization resulted in customers feeling overwhelmed, with surveys indicating low confidence in saving and budgeting habits. RBC recognized that generic advice failed to address individual needs, exacerbating issues like overspending and missed savings opportunities. As digital banking adoption grew, the bank needed an innovative solution to transform raw transaction data into actionable, personalized insights to drive customer loyalty and retention.

Lösung

RBC introduced NOMI, an AI-driven digital assistant integrated into its mobile app, powered by machine learning algorithms from Personetics' Engage platform. NOMI analyzes transaction histories, spending categories, and account balances in real-time to generate personalized recommendations, such as automatic transfers to savings accounts, dynamic budgeting adjustments, and predictive cash flow forecasts. The solution employs predictive analytics to detect surplus funds and suggest investments, while proactive alerts remind users of upcoming bills or spending trends. This seamless integration fosters a conversational banking experience, enhancing user trust and engagement without requiring manual input.

Ergebnisse

  • Doubled mobile app engagement rates
  • Increased savings transfers by over 30%
  • Boosted daily active users by 50%
  • Improved customer satisfaction scores by 25%
  • $700M+ projected enterprise value from AI by 2027
  • Higher budgeting adherence leading to 20% better financial habits
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Ford Motor Company

Manufacturing

In Ford's automotive manufacturing plants, vehicle body sanding and painting represented a major bottleneck. These labor-intensive tasks required workers to manually sand car bodies, a process prone to inconsistencies, fatigue, and ergonomic injuries due to repetitive motions over hours . Traditional robotic systems struggled with the variability in body panels, curvatures, and material differences, limiting full automation in legacy 'brownfield' facilities . Additionally, achieving consistent surface quality for painting was critical, as defects could lead to rework, delays, and increased costs. With rising demand for electric vehicles (EVs) and production scaling, Ford needed to modernize without massive CapEx or disrupting ongoing operations, while prioritizing workforce safety and upskilling . The challenge was to integrate scalable automation that collaborated with humans seamlessly.

Lösung

Ford addressed this by deploying AI-guided collaborative robots (cobots) equipped with machine vision and automation algorithms. In the body shop, six cobots use cameras and AI to scan car bodies in real-time, detecting surfaces, defects, and contours with high precision . These systems employ computer vision models for 3D mapping and path planning, allowing cobots to adapt dynamically without reprogramming . The solution emphasized a workforce-first brownfield strategy, starting with pilot deployments in Michigan plants. Cobots handle sanding autonomously while humans oversee quality, reducing injury risks. Partnerships with robotics firms and in-house AI development enabled low-code inspection tools for easy scaling .

Ergebnisse

  • Sanding time: 35 seconds per full car body (vs. hours manually)
  • Productivity boost: 4x faster assembly processes
  • Injury reduction: 70% fewer ergonomic strains in cobot zones
  • Consistency improvement: 95% defect-free surfaces post-sanding
  • Deployment scale: 6 cobots operational, expanding to 50+ units
  • ROI timeline: Payback in 12-18 months per plant
Read case study →

John Deere

Agriculture

In conventional agriculture, farmers rely on blanket spraying of herbicides across entire fields, leading to significant waste. This approach applies chemicals indiscriminately to crops and weeds alike, resulting in high costs for inputs—herbicides can account for 10-20% of variable farming expenses—and environmental harm through soil contamination, water runoff, and accelerated weed resistance . Globally, weeds cause up to 34% yield losses, but overuse of herbicides exacerbates resistance in over 500 species, threatening food security . For row crops like cotton, corn, and soybeans, distinguishing weeds from crops is particularly challenging due to visual similarities, varying field conditions (light, dust, speed), and the need for real-time decisions at 15 mph spraying speeds. Labor shortages and rising chemical prices in 2025 further pressured farmers, with U.S. herbicide costs exceeding $6B annually . Traditional methods failed to balance efficacy, cost, and sustainability.

Lösung

See & Spray revolutionizes weed control by integrating high-resolution cameras, AI-powered computer vision, and precision nozzles on sprayers. The system captures images every few inches, uses object detection models to identify weeds (over 77 species) versus crops in milliseconds, and activates sprays only on targets—reducing blanket application . John Deere acquired Blue River Technology in 2017 to accelerate development, training models on millions of annotated images for robust performance across conditions. Available in Premium (high-density) and Select (affordable retrofit) versions, it integrates with existing John Deere equipment via edge computing for real-time inference without cloud dependency . This robotic precision minimizes drift and overlap, aligning with sustainability goals.

Ergebnisse

  • 5 million acres treated in 2025
  • 31 million gallons of herbicide mix saved
  • Nearly 50% reduction in non-residual herbicide use
  • 77+ weed species detected accurately
  • Up to 90% less chemical in clean crop areas
  • ROI within 1-2 seasons for adopters
Read case study →

Best Practices

Successful implementations follow proven patterns. Have a look at our tactical advice to get started.

Use Claude to Standardise and Enrich Discretionary Spend Data

The first practical step is to give Claude clean, consistent input. Export recent months of card transactions, expense reports, and relevant invoices as CSV or structured text. Include fields like date, amount, merchant, description, card holder, cost centre (if available), and approval status. Where data is fragmented, combine extracts into a single file per period.

Then, use Claude to normalise merchant names, enrich vague descriptions, and assign clear discretionary categories (e.g. SaaS, events, office, travel upgrades). A simple prompt template can turn raw data into structured, analysis-ready output:

System: You are a finance spend classification assistant.
Task: Classify each transaction into a discretionary spend category and add useful metadata.

Policy context:
- Discretionary spend includes: team events, SaaS tools, office equipment, gifts, trainings, non-mandatory travel upgrades.
- Mandatory spend (NOT discretionary): taxes, payroll, rent, insurance, utilities.

For each row I send, output JSON with:
- original_description
- normalised_merchant
- category (one of: SaaS, Events, Office, Gifts, Training, Travel_Upgrade, Other_Discretionary, Non_Discretionary)
- confidence (0-1)
- comment (short rationale)

Feed batches of transactions and capture Claude’s structured output in your analysis environment or BI tool. This quickly reveals where discretionary spend is actually going.

Let Claude Detect Patterns and Anomalies in Team-Level Spend

Once you have enriched data, ask Claude to analyse it at team or cost-centre level. Aggregate spend by period, category, and owner, then pass these summaries to Claude for commentary. Focus its attention on volatility, trends, and patterns that are hard to see in spreadsheets.

System: You are a senior finance analyst.

User: Here is aggregated discretionary spend data per department and month.
Identify:
1) Departments with high volatility in discretionary spend.
2) Categories that are growing fastest.
3) Anomalies: unusual spikes or atypical merchants.
4) Specific examples of potential policy violations (e.g. first-class travel, repeated software trials).

For each department, return:
- 3-5 key observations
- potential root causes to investigate
- questions finance should ask the budget owner

This gives controllers ready-made talking points for budget review meetings and highlights exactly where discretionary spend is unpredictable and why.

Generate Data-Driven Proposals for Limits and Approval Rules

With patterns identified, you can ask Claude to propose concrete spend limits and approval workflows based on historical data. Provide it with your current policy, the enriched transaction data, and any constraints (e.g. minimum flexibility thresholds for specific teams).

System: You are a finance policy designer.

Context:
- Current discretionary spend policy: <paste policy>
- Historical spend summary: <paste or attach>

Task:
1) Propose adjusted per-transaction and monthly limits for each department and category.
2) Suggest when manager approval vs. director approval is required.
3) Highlight areas where limits can be relaxed without significant risk.
4) Format output as a table plus a concise narrative summary for finance leadership.

Review Claude’s proposals, adjust them based on qualitative factors, and turn the result into a revised policy draft. This reduces policy design time from weeks to days and ties your guardrails directly to real spending behaviour.

Embed Claude into Month-End and Forecasting Routines

To make improvements stick, integrate Claude into recurring finance processes. At month-end, have a standard workflow where expense and card data for the period is exported, enriched, and summarised by Claude before close meetings. Use its outputs to explain forecast variance and refine assumptions for future months.

System: You are supporting month-end for the finance team.

User: Based on this month's discretionary spend vs. budget and the last 6 months of history, 
1) explain the main drivers of variance,
2) estimate a realistic discretionary forecast for the next 3 months per department,
3) highlight any seasonal or event-driven patterns.

Format your answer for inclusion in a CFO report.

Over a few cycles, you build a feedback loop where Claude’s insights feed into your rolling forecast, reducing surprises and making discretionary spend significantly more predictable.

Automate Pre-Approval Checks and Policy Guidance for Employees

Claude is not limited to back-office analysis; you can also use it as an assistant that helps employees make compliant spending decisions before they incur costs. Integrate Claude behind a simple chat interface or within your expense tool to answer questions like “Can I book this hotel?” or “Is this software allowed?” using your policy as context.

System: You are an expense policy assistant for employees.

Policy: <paste current discretionary spend and travel policy>

Instruction:
- Answer employees' questions in plain language.
- Always state whether an expense is: Allowed, Allowed with Approval, or Not Allowed.
- If approval is required, specify the typical approver role.
- Remind users to choose cost-effective options where the policy allows.

This reduces policy violations at source and limits the number of transactions that later need manual intervention from finance.

Track KPIs and Iterate Prompts and Workflows

To ensure you get sustained value from Claude in finance, define a small set of concrete KPIs and monitor them monthly: percentage of discretionary spend correctly categorised, reduction in manual review time, reduction in forecast variance for discretionary categories, and number of policy-violation cases flagged early.

Periodically review Claude’s outputs with controllers: where are classifications off, where is commentary not helpful, which prompts produce the best signal? Use this feedback to refine prompts, add more contextual instructions, or adjust the data you feed in. Treat the setup as a living system, not a one-off project.

With these tactical practices, finance teams typically see manual review effort reduced by 30–50% for discretionary expenses, visibility into cost drivers improving within one to two closing cycles, and forecast accuracy for discretionary categories improving by 10–20 percentage points over a few months. The exact numbers will depend on your baseline, but the direction is consistent when Claude is embedded systematically into your workflows.

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Frequently Asked Questions

Claude helps by reading large volumes of expense reports, card transactions, and invoices, classifying them into consistent discretionary categories, and surfacing patterns that drive unpredictability. It can highlight teams with volatile spend, recurring SaaS purchases that bypass procurement, or event costs that regularly exceed expectations.

Beyond analysis, Claude can propose data-driven spend limits and approval rules based on your historical behaviour and policies. Finance teams then validate and implement these proposals, turning opaque ad-hoc purchases into a governed, predictable spend category.

You need three main capabilities: access to your finance and expense data, someone who understands your policies and cost structure (typically a controller or finance business partner), and light technical support to automate exports and integrate Claude into your workflow.

Deep data science is not a prerequisite. A finance analyst comfortable with spreadsheets and basic data manipulation can work with Claude using well-crafted prompts. Over time, you can involve IT or a data team to automate data flows and embed Claude into your expense or BI tools, but it’s not required for an initial proof of value.

For an initial proof of value, you can typically see meaningful insights within a few days to a few weeks. In the first week, you can export recent transactions, have Claude normalise and classify them, and already identify obvious anomalies or patterns in discretionary spend.

Embedding Claude into monthly routines and adjusting policies usually takes one to three closing cycles. That’s when you typically see a noticeable reduction in manual review time and improved forecast accuracy for discretionary categories. Full integration into tools and workflows may take longer, depending on your internal IT processes.

ROI comes from three directions: reduced manual effort, fewer budget surprises, and smarter spend decisions. Finance teams often cut manual classification and review time for discretionary expenses by 30–50%, freeing controllers for higher-value work. Better visibility typically reduces forecast variance and last-minute cost-cutting, which has both financial and organisational benefits.

On the spend side, Claude often uncovers redundant tools, underused subscriptions, and non-compliant travel upgrades that can be rationalised. Even a small percentage reduction in discretionary spend in mid-sized organisations can more than cover the cost of running Claude and the time spent implementing it.

Reruption supports organisations from idea to working solution. With our AI PoC offering (9,900€), we can quickly validate whether using Claude to control discretionary spend works in your specific context: define the use case, connect sample data, prototype prompts and workflows, and measure performance in a real-life scenario.

Beyond the PoC, our Co-Preneur approach means we embed with your finance and IT teams to design the data flows, refine the Claude prompts and policies, and integrate the solution into your existing tools. We take entrepreneurial ownership for getting a functioning setup live in your P&L, not just delivering a slide deck with recommendations.

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